Cattle; their breeds, management, and diseases; by Youatt William 1776-1847

Author:Youatt, William, 1776-1847
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Cattle
Publisher: Philadelphia, Grigg & Elliot
Published: 1836-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

THE OTHER BONES OF THE NOSE.

Compare together this meatus or bhnd passage above s, in p. 68, * Horse,' and above r in p. 274 of this treatise.

The superior maxillary bone, although much smaller than in the horse, forms the greater part of the wall and iloor of the nasal cavity. It contains the upper grinders on either side. Its floor does not consist of a single plate of bone, but of sinuses or cells, like those of the frontal parietal and occipital bones. The same principal seems to be pursued—lightness ■where it could be obtained consistendy with strength, as a compensation for the weight of the horn. This bone is represented at a, p. 273, and x, p. 274, and may be compared with the same bone at /, p. 66, ' Horse.'

The anterior maxillary, {z, p. 274.) containing no incisor teeth, is a very small bone compared with that of the horse. We shall have to speak more of it presendy.

The palatine bone (p, p. 274) is larger in the ox than in the horse, and occupies a greater portion of the palate and the floor of the nose.

CONTENTS OF THE NASAL CAVITY.

The nasal cavity contains the septum, a cartilaginous division extending from the suture in the roof between the nasals, to a long bone in the form of a groove, and named the vomer, and placed on the floor; and from the top of the nasals to the aethmoid bone, dividing the nose into two equal parts. In the horse, the division was perfect, there was no direct communication between the two nostrds, and this was designed to limit the ravages of that most dreadful of all the disorders to which the horse is subject—glanders; but the ox, being in a manner exempt from glanders, or at least from any disease bearing the dreadfully contagious and fatal character of glanders in the horse, there is no necessity for this perfect division, and therefore the vomer, when it has reached about half way up the cavity, begins to leave the floor; and it separates from the floor more and more, as it approaches the posterior part of the nostrils, leaving a free and extensive communication between them. This gives room for still more effectual provision to be made for the perfection of the sense of smell, and which we will now describe.

THE SENSE OF SMELLING.

The olfacfory, or first pair of nerves, connected with tlic sense of smelling, is abundandy larger in the quadruped than in the human being; for in the one it is merely connected with occasional pleasure, or perchance annoyance; in the other it is connected with life itself. The same nerve diflers in size in diflerent quadrupeds, according to the necessity that each has for an acute sense of smell. The brain of the ox is not more than half the size of that of the horse, and he docs not possess the intelligence of the horse; but, as we have before observed, not being

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